How do third-party private story viewers actually work?

Okay, so I keep seeing ads for these online tools that promise to let you view private Instagram stories without following the account. I get the why someone might be curious, but I’m completely stuck on the how. If the whole point of a private account is to be a gatekeeper, what is the actual technical approach these services use? Do they somehow exploit a loophole in the app, or do they just create a dummy account to send a follow request on your behalf? I’m trying to understand what they’re actually doing behind the scenes to make this happen.

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